Kodi mphamvu ya kutentha idzasinthidwa kotheratu?

Ⅰ. Maphunziro pa kuzimitsidwa kwa magetsi

Kodi munazimitsapo magetsi? Mwadzidzidzi, zonse zamdima, zikepe zimayima, mafoni a m'manja akutha mphamvu, ndipo ma air conditioner atsekedwa. Lingaliro la kusowa thandizo limenelo limapangitsa munthu kuzindikira kuti magetsi ndi "mpweya" wa anthu amakono.

M'malo mwake, kuzimitsidwa kwakukulu kwa magetsi kwachitika padziko lonse lapansi:

Kuzimitsidwa kwamagetsi ku North America mu 2003 kunasiya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri mumdima usiku umodzi.

Munthawi yozizira ya 2021 ku Texas, magetsi amphepo ndi gasi zachilengedwe zidatseka mochulukira, ndipo popanda kusungirako mphamvu ngati zosunga zobwezeretsera, mamiliyoni a anthu adavutika ndi kuzizira komanso kuzimitsa kwamagetsi.

Kuchepa kwa magetsi m'madera ena ku China: kusowa kwa malasha ndi kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso kwasokoneza gridi, kukakamiza kuletsa magetsi.

Zitsanzo zimenezi zikutisonyeza kuti kudalira mphamvu ya kutentha kokha ndi koopsa, ndipo kudalira mphamvu zongowonjezera mphamvu kulinso koopsa. Dongosolo lamagetsi limafunikira "njira yophatikiza" yokhazikika.

Ⅱ. Zomangamanga zamagetsi m'maiko osiyanasiyana

Magwero amphamvu amasiyana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi:

China: Mphamvu ya malasha imakhalabe gwero lalikulu, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, mphamvu yoyikidwa ya photovoltaic ndi mphamvu yamphepo yakula, ndipo chitsanzo cha "mphamvu yowonjezereka + yosungiramo mphamvu" chikukhala pang'onopang'ono.

United States: Njira yabwino pakati pa gasi wachilengedwe ndi mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso, pomwe ikutsogolera dziko lonse lapansi muukadaulo wosungira mphamvu za batri, pomwe California ndi madera ena adamanga nyumba zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi zosungira mphamvu zamagetsi.

Europe: Germany ndi Spain ndi omwe amapanga mphamvu zamphepo ndi dzuwa, pomwe France imadalira mphamvu ya nyukiliya kuti ikhale yolimba. Europe yonse yadzipereka pakusintha kwamagetsi, pomwe chitukuko cha makina osungira chikukulirakulira.

Japan ndi South Korea: Chifukwa chodalira mphamvu zotumizidwa kunja, maikowa akuyenera kusanja chitetezo pomwe akupanga ukadaulo wa solar, hydrogen, ndi yosungirako.

Ponseponse, zigawo zonse zikupita ku mtundu wa "mphamvu zongowonjezera + zosungira", ngakhale mosiyanasiyana.

Ⅲ. Kodi zinthu zili bwanji panopa?

Kukula kwamphamvu kwatsopano kukuyenda bwino, koma kumakumananso ndi zovuta.

"Capriciousness" ya photovoltaic ndi mphamvu ya mphepo: mphamvu ya photovoltaic imatha kupangidwa masana pamene dzuwa latuluka, ndipo imasiya usiku; mphamvu ya mphepo imadalira nyengo, ndipo imaleka “m’nyengo zopanda mphepo.” Kusasunthika kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yokhazikika ya gridi yamagetsi.

Kutuluka kwa mabatire osungira mphamvu: Mabatire a lithiamu-ion ndi mabatire othamanga amakhala ngati "mabanki amagetsi" akuluakulu, amasunga magetsi ochulukirapo panthawi yazambiri ndikumamasula panthawi yomwe akufunika kwambiri kuti athandizire kuwongolera gridi.

Oyendetsa ndondomeko: China yanena momveka bwino kuti mapulojekiti atsopano a photovoltaic ndi mphepo ayenera kutsagana ndi malo osungirako mphamvu. US ndi Europe, pakadali pano, akugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zothandizira ndalama komanso njira zamsika kulimbikitsa makampani kuti amange malo osungira mphamvu.

Mavuto akadalipo: Mabatire osungira mphamvu ndi okwera mtengo, amakhala ndi moyo wocheperako, ndipo kutha kwa moyo wawo wobwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kumakhalabe zovuta.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kusungirako mphamvu pang'onopang'ono kukufalikira, koma kudzatenga nthawi kuti ilowe m'malo mwa mphamvu zamagetsi.

Ⅳ. N’chifukwa chiyani m’malo mwa magetsi oyaka ndi malasha?

Chitetezo cha chilengedwe: Mphamvu yoyaka ndi malasha ndiyo imathandizira kwambiri kutulutsa mpweya wa kaboni, kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya, ndi kutentha kwa dziko.

Chitetezo cha mphamvu: Kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya malasha ndi gasi wachilengedwe kumakhudza mwachindunji mitengo yamagetsi ndi kupezeka kwake.

Kuthekera kwachuma: Mphamvu za Photovoltaic ndi mphepo zikuchulukirachulukira, ngakhale zotsika mtengo kuposa mphamvu ya malasha.

Zolinga zosalowerera ndale za kaboni: Kuti muchepetse kutulutsa mpweya, magetsi oyaka moto amayenera kuthetsedwa ndipo pamapeto pake adzathetsedwa.

Ⅴ. Kodi ingathe kusintha mphamvu ya malasha?

Yankho ndilakuti: Potsirizira pake, koma osati posachedwa.

Pazaka zotsatira za 10, mphamvu ya malasha idzakhalabe "msana" wa gridi.

2030-2040: Pamene kusungirako magetsi kumakhala kotsika mtengo komanso mphamvu ya haidrojeni yodalirika, mphamvu zowotchedwa ndi malasha zimasunthira pang'onopang'ono ku "benchi."

Chakumapeto kwa 2050: Mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zophatikizidwa ndi kusungirako mphamvu zikuyembekezeka kutsogolera, ndi mphamvu ya malasha itathetsedwa kwambiri.

Mwanjira ina, mphamvu yamtsogolo yamagetsi ikuyenera kukhala: mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso ndi kusungirako mphamvu monga magwero akulu, magetsi oyaka ndi malasha akutenga kumbuyo, ndi mphamvu ya nyukiliya, hydropower, ndi mphamvu ya haidrojeni yopereka chithandizo chowonjezera.

Mabatire osungira mphamvu azidzamangidwanso ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, monga momwe mafoni a m'manja sangathe kugwira ntchito popanda mabatire. Komabe, kuti mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zilowe m'malo mwa mphamvu zowotchedwa ndi malasha, zotsogola zaukadaulo, chithandizo cha mfundo, ndi kukweza ma gridi ndizofunikirabe. Tsogolo silingawone mphamvu yamalasha ikutha mwadzidzidzi, koma pang'onopang'ono imabwerera kumbuyo mpaka tsiku lina mudzazindikira kuti gawo lamagetsi layamba kale kulamulidwa ndi mphamvu zoyera.