Kodi mungawerengere bwanji kasinthidwe koyenera kwa kachitidwe kanu kakang'ono kopanda gridi?

Kodi munayamba mwaganizapo zogwiritsa ntchito magetsi oyendera dzuwa m'chipinda chamapiri, bwato la usodzi, kapena RV kuti musiye kudalira gululi?

M'malo mwake, ichi sichinthu chomwe mainjiniya okha angakwaniritse. Malingana ngati mukudziŵa masitepe ochepa ofunikira ndi mafomu, mukhoza kuwerengera kasinthidwe koyenera kwa kachitidwe kanu kakang'ono kamene kamachokera pa grid photovoltaic.

Dongosolo la dzuwa lopanda magetsi limatanthawuza dongosolo lodziimira lomwe silidalira gulu la anthu, m'malo mwake limadalira kwambiri mphamvu ya photovoltaic mphamvu ndi kusungirako batri kuti ikwaniritse zosowa zamagetsi. Ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumadera akutali amapiri, zisumbu, madera abusa, ma RV, mabwato asodzi, ndi malo ena okhala ndi mphamvu ya gridi yosakhazikika.

Pansipa, tidzakuwongolerani njira zinayi kuti muwerenge makonzedwe oyenera.

Khwerero 1: Dziwani mphamvu ya module ya photovoltaic

Mphamvu ya mapanelo a photovoltaic (ma solar panels) amatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa magetsi omwe dongosolo lanu lingathe kupanga.

Njira yowerengera yoyambira ndi: choyamba dziwani kufunika kwa magetsi tsiku ndi tsiku, kenaka muphatikize ndi nyengo zakuderalo (makamaka nthawi ya dzuwa) kuti mudziwe mphamvu zonse za mapanelo a photovoltaic.

Mchitidwe:

Mphamvu ya module = (Kufunika kwa magetsi tsiku ndi tsiku × Kupitilira kwa mitambo kwa surplus factor) ÷ (Maola apakati a dzuwa × Kugwira ntchito bwino kwadongosolo)

* Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi tsiku ndi tsiku: Izi zitha kuwerengedwa powerengera mphamvu zovoteledwa pazida zonse zochulukitsidwa ndi nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito.

Mwachitsanzo, nyali za LED 10W × 5 maola = 50Wh, firiji 60W × maola 24 = 1440Wh.

* Kusalekeza kwa mitambo kwatsiku lamtambo: Kuti tipeze mphamvu zopanga magetsi osakwanira m'masiku a mitambo motsatizana, izi zimayikidwa pakati pa 1.1 ndi 1.3.

* Maola apakati apakati padzuwa tsiku lililonse: Izi zitha kupezeka kuchokera kuzomwe zakuthambo zakuderalo. Mwachitsanzo, ku Beijing kumakhala dzuwa pafupifupi maola 4 patsiku, pamene mzinda wa Hainan umakhala ndi maola oposa asanu.

* Kuchita bwino kwamakina: Izi zimapangitsa kutayika kwa chingwe, kuyendetsa bwino kwa makina, kutayika kwa inverter, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pakati pa 0.75 ndi 0.8.

Mwachitsanzo:

Pongoganiza kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito magetsi tsiku lililonse ndi 3,000 Wh, kuwala kwa dzuwa kwanthawi zonse ndi maola 4.5, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi 0.78, ndipo masiku amvula osalekeza ndi 1.2:

Mphamvu ya gawo = (3,000 × 1.2) ÷ (4.5 × 0.78) ≈ 1,026 W

Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kukhazikitsa mapanelo a photovoltaic okhala ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 1 kW, monga ma modules anayi a 250 W.

Gawo 2: Dziwani mphamvu ya inverter yakunja

Inverter imatembenuza magetsi (DC) kuchokera ku mapanelo a photovoltaic kapena mabatire kukhala alternating current (AC) kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zida wamba zapakhomo.

Mphamvu zake ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kukwaniritsa mphamvu zomwe mumafunikira nthawi yomweyo, makamaka poganizira kuchuluka kwa katundu wolowetsa (zida zoyendetsedwa ndi injini).

Mchitidwe:

Mphamvu ya inverter = (Nthawi zonse zolemetsa zolemetsa + Mphamvu zonse zonyamula katundu × 5) × Margin factor ÷ Mphamvu yamagetsi

* Katundu wosasunthika: Zida zokana monga mababu amagetsi, ma ketulo amagetsi, ndi ma uvuni.

* Inductive katundu: Zipangizo ndi Motors kapena kompresa, monga firiji, mapampu madzi, mpweya zoziziritsa kukhosi, etc. The yomweyo mphamvu poyambitsa kungakhale 5-7 nthawi oveteredwa mphamvu.

* Chitetezo: Nthawi zambiri imakhala pa 1.2-1.5 kuti muwonetsetse malire.

* Mphamvu yamagetsi: Nthawi zambiri imakhala pa 0.8-0.9.

Chitsanzo:

Kungoganiza kuti muli ndi kuwala kwa 200W (resistive load), firiji ya 100W (inductive load), malire a 1.3, ndi mphamvu ya 0.85:

Mphamvu ya inverter = (200 + 100 × 5) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ (200 + 500) × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 700 × 1.3 ÷ 0.85

≈ 1070W

Mudzafunika inverter yokhala ndi mphamvu yochepa ya 1.1 kW, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha chitsanzo cha 1.5 kW kuti mukhale okhazikika.

Khwerero 3: Dziwani kuchuluka kwa batri

Batire ndi "kusungirako mphamvu" ya off-grid system, ndipo magetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito usiku kapena masiku amtambo makamaka amachokera kumeneko. Kuchuluka kumadalira kuchuluka kwa masiku omwe mukufunikira magetsi osalekeza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi tsiku lililonse.

Mchitidwe:

Kuchuluka kwa batri (Ah) = (Kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi tsiku ndi tsiku × Chiwerengero cha masiku a magetsi pamasiku a mitambo) ÷ (Kuzama kwa kukhetsa × Kuthira bwino/kutulutsa mphamvu × Mphamvu ya pakiti ya batri)

* Kuzama kwa Kutulutsa (DOD): Kwa mabatire a lead-acid, DOD ya 0.5-0.6 ndiyofunikira; kwa mabatire a lithiamu, DOD ya 0.8-0.9 ndiyovomerezeka.

* Kulipiritsa / Kutulutsa Mwachangu: Nthawi zambiri amakhala pa 0.85-0.9.

* Mphamvu ya Banki Ya Battery: Ma voliyumu wamba amaphatikiza 12V, 24V, ndi 48V; ma voltages okwera amalimbikitsidwa pakufunika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.

Chitsanzo:

Kungoganiza kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito 3000Wh tsiku lililonse ndipo mukufuna kukhala ndi mphamvu masiku awiri amtambo wamtambo, pogwiritsa ntchito batri ya lithiamu ya 2V (DOD=48, mphamvu=0.9):

Kuchuluka kwa batri = (3000 × 2) ÷ (0.9 × 0.9 × 48)

≈ 6000 ÷ 38.88

≈ 154 Ah

Mungafunike 48V 154Ah (pafupifupi 7.4kWh) batire paketi.

Khwerero 4: Dziwani zambiri za owongolera

Wowongolera wa photovoltaic amawongolera njira yolipirira kuchokera ku ma module a photovoltaic kupita ku batri.

Mafotokozedwe ake makamaka amadalira kuchuluka kwazomwe akulowetsa, kuwerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula ili:

Mchitidwe:

Kulowetsa kwa Controller panopa = Mphamvu zazikulu za ma modules a photovoltaic ÷ Battery pack voltage

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mapanelo anu a photovoltaic ali ndi mphamvu yonse ya 1000W ndipo voteji ya batire ndi 48V:

Zowongolera zowongolera panopa = 1000 ÷ 48 ≈ 20.8A

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusankha chowongolera chokhala ndi mphamvu yolowera yokulirapo kuposa 21A, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yamtundu wa MPPT (yochita bwino kwambiri, yopindulitsa kwambiri pamasiku a mitambo).

Malangizo Othandiza

1. Lolani kuti pakhale malire: Kutalika kwa moyo ndi kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida zimadalira kapangidwe kake koyenera kadundancy; osakonza magawo mokhazikika.
2. MPPT ndi yapamwamba kuposa PWM: Ngakhale olamulira a MPPT ndi okwera mtengo pang'ono, amapereka mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, makamaka pansi pa kuyatsa kosakhazikika.
3. Yang'anani mabatire a lithiamu-ion: Ndiwophatikizika, opepuka, ndipo amatha kutulutsa mozama, amapulumutsa nthawi yayitali.
4. Konzekerani kukulitsa kwamtsogolo: Ngati mukuyembekeza kuwonjezera zida zambiri m'tsogolomu, onetsetsani kuti muli ndi mawonekedwe okwanira pamakina onse a photovoltaic ndi mabatire.

Pakatikati pakupanga kachidutswa kakang'ono ka photovoltaic kuchokera pa gridi yagona pa kuwerengera molondola kasinthidwe potengera zosowa zenizeni, osati "kungogula mapanelo angapo ndi mabatire" ndikuyitcha tsiku.

Phunzirani ma formula 4 awa:

1. Photovoltaic module mphamvu formula
2. Inverter mphamvu formula
3. Kuchuluka kwa batri
4. Foni yamakono ya Controller

Kenako mutha kuwerengera masinthidwe a kachitidwe kakang'ono kopanda gridi komwe kuli kokwanira komanso kokhazikika.

Mukamapanga kwa nthawi yoyamba, mutha kuwonjezera malire a 10% -20% potengera zotsatira za fomula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusinthasintha kwambiri pakuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kukulitsa zida.